Introduction
What remains after timber arrives at a mill for processing is commonly referred to as primary and secondary wood processing residue or waste. This residue is prepared for utilization because generally it is clean, uniform, on-site, and low in …
Introduction
Harvesting and transportation costs for woody biomass in its different forms vary due to tract size, tree species, volumes removed, distance to the wood-using/storage facility, terrain, road condition, and other considerations. There is tremendous variation …
Introduction
Forests are among the South’s most abundant resources. More than 214 million acres of forest land cover the region1 (Figure 1). Approximately 69 percent of the forest land is owned by non-industrial private forest landowners. These forest ecosystems …
Introduction
Woody biomass harvesting systems fell and recover woody biomass and transport it to a central location to be processed or directly loaded onto trucks for transport to a biomass-using facility. This can be done concurrently …
Introduction
Small-scale timber harvesting systems, including those that can handle woody biomass, are becoming more attractive to the forestry community. A number of non-conventional, small-scale timber harvest systems have emerged that have the physical capability to …
Introduction
One challenge associated with transporting woody biomass for energy and bio-based products is that woody biomass in its raw form (e.g. slash, un-delimbed small trees and tree sections) has a low bulk density (1). Low …
Introduction
Renewable energy is any energy generated from the sun, wind, water, hydrogen, Earth’s natural heat (geothermal), or biomass. In 2003, biomass was the leading source of renewable energy in the United States for the fourth year in a row, …
Introduction
Pre-processing and drying woody biomass are important issues to address in every situation. They particularly affect transportation costs and combustion efficiency at the end-use location. Both should address four critical characteristics of biomass: particle size, …
Introduction
Under current market conditions, cost remains a major barrier to market penetration of forest bioenergy. However, technological advances as well as social, political, economic, and environmental factors, will affect the cost competitiveness of this renewable energy source. In some …
Introduction
Ash from woody biomass comes from the minerals present in the structure of trees and shrubs in addition to any soil contamination. Properties of wood ash depend on a variety of factors including type of tree or shrub, part …
